Round Details
September 30, 2026 at 07:26 AM UTC
Scenario: Type 2 Diabetes - Metformin
Patient John Smith is a 45-year-old male who was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus last month. His physician prescribed Metformin 500mg to be taken twice daily with meals. His latest HbA1c was 7.8%. He has no known drug allergies and his BMI is 28.
How did the LLMs do?
Same LLM Tests
Reconstructed text
John Smith is a 45-year-old man with confirmed, active type 2 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed last month; the exact diagnosis date was not provided. He has an active prescription for metformin 500 mg twice daily with meals for treatment of his diabetes. His latest HbA1c is 7.8%, and his BMI is 28 kg/m²; both results are finalized. He has no known drug allergies.
Comparison1 issue
Hallucinated:
- hba1c and bmi described as finalized results a status not stated in the original
Reconstructed text
John Smith is a 45-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed on October 1, 2023. He is currently prescribed metformin 500mg twice daily with meals. Laboratory results from October 15, 2023 show a hemoglobin A1c of 7.8% and a BMI of 28 kg/m².
Comparison3 issues
Missing information:
- no known drug allergies nkda status
Hallucinated:
- specific diagnosis date october 1 2023 added the original only states the diagnosis was made last month
- laboratory result date october 15 2023 added for the hba1c and bmi no date appears in the original
Reconstructed text
Clinical Narrative
John Smith is a male patient born in 1980 with an active patient record. He has no known drug allergies, and this status is active and confirmed.
Mr. Smith was diagnosed last month with type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications (SNOMED CT 44054006; ICD-10-CM E11.9). The diagnosis is active and confirmed and is recorded on his problem list. It is supported by a hemoglobin A1c of 7.8% (LOINC 4548-4), which is flagged as high relative to the normal reference range of below 5.7%. This laboratory result is final.
His body mass index is 28 kg/m², which is flagged as high and interpreted as overweight. This vital sign result is final.
For his type 2 diabetes, he has an active order for metformin hydrochloride 500 mg oral tablets (RxNorm 861007). He is to take 500 mg by mouth twice daily with meals.
No appointments or scheduling information are included in this record.
Comparison9 issues
Missing information:
- the patients explicitly stated age of 45 years
- the hba1c of 78 is identified as his latest result in the original but not in the reconstruction
Hallucinated:
- diagnosis specified as type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications icd10cm e119 the original does not state whether complications are present
- birth year 1980 is added the original provides no birth year
- type 2 diabetes is specified as without complications complication status is not stated in the original
- snomed ct 44054006 and icd10cm e119 are added for the diabetes diagnosis
- the diabetes diagnosis is described as active confirmed and recorded on the problem list these record details are not provided in the original
- the hba1c result is assigned loinc 45484 a final result status and a laboratory reference range below 57 none is provided in the original
- metformin is specified as a hydrochloride oral tablet with rxnorm 861007 the original does not specify the exact formulation or medication code
Cross LLM Tests
Reconstructed text
John Smith is a 45-year-old male with a confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, diagnosed last month (exact date not provided). His latest hemoglobin A1c is 7.8%. He has a BMI of 28 kg/m². He is currently prescribed metformin 500 mg twice daily with meals. He has no known drug allergies.
Comparison
No discrepancies found by any verifier.
Reconstructed text
John Smith is a male born in 1980 with an active patient record. He has a confirmed, active encounter diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications (ICD-10-CM E11.9), documented as diagnosed “last month.” A finalized hemoglobin A1c result of 7.8%, flagged as high, is cited as supporting evidence for the diagnosis. His finalized BMI measurement is 28 kg/m². An active prescription for metformin hydrochloride 500 mg oral tablets was ordered for diabetes management, with instructions to take 500 mg by mouth twice daily with meals; additional instructions specify taking it with or after food. His allergy record is active and confirmed and documents no known drug allergies.
Comparison8 issues
Missing information:
- the patients explicit age of 45 years
- the hba1c value of 78 is not identified as his latest result
Hallucinated:
- birth year 1980 added the original states only that he is 45 years old and gives no birth date
- diagnosis specified as without complications with icd10cm code e119 the original gives no complication status or diagnosis code
- hba1c of 78 described as cited supporting evidence for the diagnosis the original does not link the hba1c result to how the diagnosis was made
- additional metformin instruction take with or after food added beyond the original instruction of twice daily with meals
- metformin formulation specified as hydrochloride oral tablets the original states only metformin 500mg
- metformin is specified as an oral tablet formulation the original does not specify its dosage form
Reconstructed text
Clinical Narrative
John Smith is a male patient born on January 1, 1978 (patient identifier 12345). He has no known allergies.
On October 1, 2023, when he was 45 years old, Mr. Smith was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis is confirmed and the condition remains active. On the same day, he was prescribed metformin 500 mg oral tablets, taken by mouth at a dose of 500 mg twice daily with meals. The prescription is active.
On October 15, 2023, two weeks after diagnosis, his hemoglobin A1c was 7.8% and his body mass index was 28 kg/m². Both results are final.
Coding Discrepancies
- Medication code: The medication is coded as RxNorm 314076, but the display reads "Metformin 500 MG Oral Tablet." RxNorm 314076 corresponds to lisinopril 10 MG oral tablet. The standard RxNorm code for metformin 500 MG oral tablet is 861007. This narrative follows the display text and dosage instructions, which both indicate metformin, but the code should be verified.
- Allergy code: The allergy entry displays "No known allergy" but uses SNOMED CT code 232347008. That code does not match the standard SNOMED CT concept for "No known allergy," which is 716186003. The code should be verified to confirm that the patient truly has no known allergies.
Comparison18 issues
Missing information:
- the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus occurred last month
- the hba1c of 78 was identified as the patients latest result
Hallucinated:
- birth date january 1 1978 added not in original
- patient identifier 12345 added not in original
- medication formulation oral tablets added original does not specify dosage form
- hba1c and bmi dated october 15 2023 two weeks after diagnosis original gives no date or timing
- allergy status broadened from no known drug allergies to no known allergies
- specific diagnosis date october 1 2023 added original states only last month
- diagnosis status details confirmed remains active added
- metformin prescription stated as issued on the same day as diagnosis not specified in original
- prescription status active added
- coding discrepancies section fabricated rxnorm code 314076 and the claim that it corresponds to lisinopril 10 mg plus the suggested rxnorm code 861007
- fabricated snomed ct codes 232347008 and 716186003 for the allergy entry
- suggestion that the patients noallergy status needs verification is not in the original
- diagnosis and metformin prescription assigned the exact date october 1 2023 the original provides no exact dates
- diagnosis explicitly assigned confirmed and active statuses which were not provided in the original
- no known drug allergies broadened to no known allergies the original does not address nondrug allergies
- medication coding discrepancy fabricated involving rxnorm 314076 its claimed mapping to lisinopril 10 mg and proposed metformin code 861007 the original contains no medication codes or coding discrepancies